Experiences of People living with Diagnosis of Esophageal Cancer: Case of Eastern Cape Municipalities, South Africa: A Phenomenological Study

Abstract

Esophageal cancer is a major health issue in South Africa, especially in rural areas of the Eastern Cape, which has the highest incidence rates. While risk factors are well studied, there is limited research on patients’ lived experiences of diagnosis, treatment, and survival. This study explored the lived experiences of individuals diagnosed with esophageal cancer in Eastern Cape municipalities, examining their diagnostic journeys, coping mechanisms through treatment, and perceptions of existing support structures. A qualitative phenomenological design was employed; 12 participants (9 females, three males) aged 47-59 years were purposively sampled from three hospitals in Buffalo City, O.R. Tambo, and Amathole municipalities. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used. Data was analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis, guided by the Health Belief Model and Health Promotion Model. Three major themes emerged: (1) Delayed diagnosis due to late help-seeking, use of traditional healing, severe symptoms including dysphagia, haemoptysis, and weight loss; (2) Coping through treatment involving chemotherapy and radiation therapy with substantial side effects and financial burden; (3) Reliance on family support alongside gaps in health education, access to cancer services, and financial help for proper nutrition. The findings show that managing esophageal cancer in rural South Africa involves a mix of medical, traditional, and family care. They highlight the need for better community education on early symptoms, improved access to treatment facilities, emotional and financial support for patients. The study recommends healthcare policies that are patient-centred, respect cultural practices, and ensure access to proper medical treatment.