Income Inequality and Community Cohesion: A Comprehensive Analysis of East Africa

Abstract

This study examines the intricate relationship between income inequality and community cohesion in East Africa, focusing on its effects in countries such as Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Through a systematic literature review approach, relevant studies from prominent databases were synthesised to reveal how income disparities adversely impact social capital, trust, and community engagement. Findings indicate that income inequality significantly affects access to education, healthcare, social mobility, crime rates, political participation, and ultimately diminishes social cohesion. Disparities in educational and healthcare access perpetuate cycles of poverty and disadvantage, limiting opportunities for upward mobility, particularly for marginalised groups. These inequalities foster feelings of resentment, mistrust, and isolation within communities, obstructing collective action and civic participation. While the study enhances understanding of these dynamics, it is limited by potential publication bias and the exclusion of non-English sources, possibly narrowing the findings' applicability. To address these issues, policymakers must prioritise strategies that improve educational access, expand healthcare coverage, and create economic opportunities for disadvantaged populations. Such interventions could mitigate the detrimental effects of income inequality, fostering greater trust, cooperation, and solidarity among community members. In conclusion, offsetting income inequality is crucial for promoting a more equitable and cohesive society in East Africa, highlighting the need for comprehensive public policies that empower marginalised groups and enhance overall community resilience. Future research should aim to explore the evolving dynamics within this context, considering the intersections of income inequality and social cohesion across diverse settings.