Impact of the Public Transport Sector on Ecotourism Development in Kisumu County, Kenya

Abstract

The Kisumu County Integrated Development Plans identify tourism and transport as key drivers of economic growth. Efficient transport systems are essential for supporting urban and peri-urban development, yet infrastructure expansion often threatens delicate ecosystems. This study, conducted between January 2020 and June 2021, examined the role of the public transport sector in advancing sustainable ecotourism in Kisumu County, Kenya. Data were collected from 393 respondents, including traders, households, and transport operators, using stratified, purposive, random, and systematic sampling. Additional insights were gathered from 15 key informants and 6 focus group discussions. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using SPSS and MS Excel, with ANOVA tests applied to determine variable relationships. Findings showed that 99% of respondents depended on public transport, with 64.3% using it daily—primarily traders and those in formal employment. A significant correlation (p=0.000) existed between occupation and frequency of transport use. Similarly, between public transport characteristics. Road transport dominated at 97%, with boda-boda (49%), matatus (21.5%), and tuk-tuks (14.3%) being the most common modes. Most respondents (76.1%) traveled 30–60 minutes to reach tourist destinations. Over 69% found public transport to attractions affordable, accessible, and safe, though only 46% reported reliable route information. Services for Persons with Disabilities were noted as inadequate. The study identified key actors in the public transport sector and their roles in ecotourism development. It concludes that sustainable ecotourism in Kisumu requires inclusive planning, enhanced transport infrastructure, and environmental considerations, with stakeholder engagement in the public transport sector being critical to successful implementation.